Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting in destruction of pancreatic beta cells and absolute insulin dependence, with onset typically in childhood or early adulthood. Continuous glucose monitoring, hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery, and adjunct therapies including SGLT2 inhibitors in appropriate patients are improving glycaemic outcomes. Disease-modifying immunotherapy, most notably teplizumab, has achieved regulatory approval for delaying progression in at-risk individuals.
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