Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of death in most high-income countries, driven by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the epicardial coronary arteries. Percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and guideline-directed medical therapy, including high-intensity statins, antiplatelet agents, and PCSK9 inhibitors, are the pillars of management. Residual cardiovascular risk reduction through inflammation, lipoprotein(a), and metabolic targets continues to drive clinical trial activity.
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