leukemia

Leukaemias are a heterogeneous group of haematological malignancies arising from clonal proliferation of abnormal blood cell precursors, ranging from highly curable acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children to more challenging chronic and acute myeloid subtypes. Targeted therapies, including BCR-ABL inhibitors, FLT3 and IDH inhibitors, venetoclax, and CAR-T cell therapy, have transformed outcomes across multiple subtypes. Measurable residual disease monitoring guides treatment intensification and cessation decisions.