diabetes mellitus type 2

Type 2 diabetes affects over 500 million people globally and is the primary driver of downstream cardiovascular, renal, and retinal complications. Beyond glycaemic control, management now centres on cardiorenal protection through SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists with established cardiovascular outcome data. Tirzepatide and emerging dual and triple incretin receptor agonists are redefining obesity and metabolic disease treatment expectations.