Temporomandibular joint disorders are a group of musculoskeletal conditions affecting the jaw joint and masticatory muscles, characterised by pain, restricted mouth opening, and joint sounds. Multidisciplinary management with occlusal splints, physiotherapy, and cognitive behavioural therapy is the cornerstone; surgery is reserved for structural abnormalities unresponsive to conservative care. Central sensitisation and its role in chronic TMD pain is an emerging area of research.
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