colitis ulcerative

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory bowel disease confined to the colonic mucosa, with onset typically in young adults. Biologic therapies including anti-TNF, anti-integrin, and IL-12/23 inhibitors have expanded treatment options beyond aminosalicylates and corticosteroids. Emerging targets including JAK inhibitors and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators are further diversifying the pipeline.