Hereditary cancer syndromes, including Lynch syndrome, BRCA1/2-associated cancers, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, account for approximately 5–10% of all cancers and are characterised by inherited pathogenic variants conferring high lifetime cancer risk. Germline testing is increasingly embedded in oncology practice, enabling cascade family testing and risk-reducing interventions. PARP inhibitors and other biomarker-selected treatments have demonstrated particular efficacy in hereditary cancer contexts.
