Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of severe visual impairment in adults over 50 in high-income countries, with both dry and wet forms carrying substantial quality-of-life impact. Anti-VEGF intravitreal injections are standard of care for neovascular AMD; sustained-release delivery systems aim to reduce injection burden. Complement inhibitors for geographic atrophy and gene therapy approaches represent significant advances in dry AMD treatment.
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