Opioid use disorder and the broader opioid crisis, particularly in North America, has caused hundreds of thousands of overdose deaths, driven by prescribing practices, illicit fentanyl, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Medications for opioid use disorder, buprenorphine, methadone, and extended-release naltrexone, are the most effective interventions when combined with psychosocial support. Harm reduction strategies, access to naloxone, and addressing the stimulant polysubstance use dimension are urgent priorities.
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