Post-traumatic stress disorder develops in a subset of individuals following traumatic exposure and is characterised by intrusive memories, avoidance, negative cognitions, and hyperarousal. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and EMDR are the most evidence-based psychological treatments; SSRIs are first-line pharmacotherapy. MDMA-assisted therapy has reached late-stage clinical development and represents the most significant pharmacological advance in PTSD treatment in decades.
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