
Schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders affect approximately 24 million people globally, with positive, negative, and cognitive symptom domains carrying distinct treatment challenges. Second-generation antipsychotics are the pharmacological foundation; long-acting injectable formulations improve adherence in relapse-prone patients. Muscarinic receptor agonists represent a mechanistically novel advance, with xanomeline-trospium receiving FDA approval in 2024.
