tuberculosis

Tuberculosis remains the leading infectious disease killer globally, with an estimated 10 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths in 2022. Drug-resistant TB, particularly MDR-TB and XDR-TB, poses a major threat to control efforts. Newer regimens combining bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid have shown high efficacy and shorter treatment duration in drug-resistant disease, while preventive therapy and novel vaccine development are central to elimination strategies.