
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally, with over 2.3 million new cases annually. Treatment is increasingly guided by receptor subtype, HR+/HER2−, HER2+, and triple-negative, with targeted therapies, CDK4/6 inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and immunotherapy reshaping outcomes in both early and metastatic settings. Polygenic risk testing and ctDNA-based monitoring are poised to further personalise care pathways.
