lung neoplasms

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with non-small cell lung cancer representing approximately 85% of cases. Molecular profiling for driver mutations, including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS G12C, and MET, guides selection of targeted therapies that have transformed outcomes in biomarker-selected populations. Immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors has become a cornerstone treatment, and early-stage disease management is evolving with adjuvant targeted therapy and perioperative immunotherapy.